For the for every situation, all the questions focused on one another deal with-to-deal with and online dating

Friendship

To assess the size of the brand new circle away from face-to-deal with family members, stuff from the Contentment Survey Screen (Helliwell and you will Huang, 2013) were utilized: “Up to exactly how many friends have you got?.” This question is responded on a scale of 1 lower than 5 members of the family to 5 over 50 nearest and dearest. Issue to assess the size of on the web pal networks is actually comparable (Helliwell and you will Huang, 2013): “Up to how many family have you got with the Facebook?” however the effect size try different, ranging from step one lower onlylads dating than fifty to eight more than 1000.

All the questions on the quality of matchmaking included in the fresh new Eu Personal Survey was modified to assess top-notch face-to-face and online friendships. The questions were: “Exactly how many people do you have having the person you can mention sexual and private issues?” and you can “Just how many ones people is actually your Twitter family?.” The fresh effect level varied from just one (none) to seven (ten or more).

A principle components analysis with an oblique rotation was performed on the four friendship items. Examination of the Kaiser–Meyer Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.511) and of the Bartlett’s test of sphericity (? 2 ₍₆₎ = , p 2 ₍₃₀₎ = ; p = 0.001) and Facebook friends’ observed variables (? 2 ₍₄₉₎ = ; p = 0.003) are related to each other. Factor scores were used as indexes of friendship in the analyses.

Wellness

To help you determine future health, as well as the identified wellness product usually included in around the world studies (e.g., Eriksson et al., 2001 – “How will you rates your quality of life generally speaking” having solutions into a good 5-section scale, between pretty good to help you very bad) new four items of new health dimension of your own State of Health Questionnaire SF-thirty six (Ware and you will Sherbourne, 1992) was indeed included. A good example of all the questions is actually: “We apparently become ill a little smoother than other somebody.” These products was in fact replied towards a beneficial 5-area measure, ranging from 1 absolutely not true to help you 5 seriously genuine. The 5 facts demonstrated an acceptable precision (? = 0.72) plus the average of one’s four activities are computed since the indication out-of thinking-said future health.

Mental health try analyzed through five circumstances regarding SF-36 (Ware and Sherbourne, 1992). An example are “How frequently have you felt extremely scared during the last cuatro months?.” These types of questions had been answered on the a good 5-area level, anywhere between not to usually. As the level of internal surface of the things that is actually a (? = 0.80), the fresh indicator off mental health are determined, averaging the newest responses to those four issues.

The assessment of subjective well-being was performed with two items (r = 0.722; p 2 ₍₅₎ = ; p 2 ₍₂₅₎ = ; p 2 ₍₃₀₎ = ; p 2 ₍₃₀₎ = ; p 2 ₍₃₅₎ = ; p 1 (Figure 1). More specifically, we tested whether bridging and bonding social capital mediated the relationships among face-to-face friendship and health, as the direct pathway between Facebook friends and health proved not to be significant, ? = 0.09, p = 0.192. Age, gender, education, subjective SES, self-esteem, and living alone effects were controlled. Missing data were handled with listwise deletion.

The direct pathway between face-to-face friendship and health was totally mediated by bonding and bridging social capital. For the mediation of bonding, we found significant paths between friendship and bonding, ? = 0.18, t = 5.59, p 2 ₍₆₎ = , p 2 ₍₆₄₎ = ; p 2 ₍₆₄₎ = ; p 2 /DF 0.95; CFI > 0.95; RMSEA 2 ₍₅₎ = ; p 2 ₍₂₅₎ = ; p = 0.039] and close friends [? 2 ₍₃₀₎ = ; p = 0.028] than the older participants. The other side of the coin reveals that 9.8% of the respondents claimed to have less than five friends and around 8% affirmed having no close friends at all. Regarding older participants, aged 55 years or above, 8.3% referred to not having anyone to speak to about intimate issues and 9.9% indicated having only one intimate friend.